[1]方黎明,付春正,邹卫强,等.扬子鳄热环境行为适应规律观察研究[J].浙江林业科技,2022,42(05):16-24.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2022.05.003]
FANG Li-ming,FU Chun-zheng,ZOU Wei-qiang,et al.A Preliminary Study on Behavioral Adaptation to the Thermal Environment of
the Chinese Alligator[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2022,42(05):16-24.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2022.05.003]
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扬子鳄热环境行为适应规律观察研究()
《浙江林业科技》[ISSN:1001-3776/CN:33-1112/S]
- 卷:
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42
- 期数:
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2022年05期
- 页码:
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16-24
- 栏目:
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- 出版日期:
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2022-09-05
文章信息/Info
- Title:
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A Preliminary Study on Behavioral Adaptation to the Thermal Environment of
the Chinese Alligator
- 文章编号:
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1001-3776(2022)05-0016-09
- 作者:
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方黎明1; 2; 付春正3; 邹卫强1; 任大斌1; 徐菊敏1; 赵兰3; 4; 方盛国3
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(1. 浙江长兴扬子鳄省级自然保护区,浙江 长兴 313100;2. 长兴县仙山湖国家湿地公园管理中心,浙江 长兴 313100;
3. 浙江大学 生命科学学院,生命系统稳态与保护教育部重点实验室,国家濒危野生动植物种质基因保护中心,浙江 杭州 310058;
4. 西北大学 生命科学学院,陕西省秦岭珍稀濒危动物保育重点实验室,陕西 西安 710069)
- Author(s):
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FANG Li-ming1; 2; FU Chun-zheng3; ZOU Wei-qiang1; REN Da-bin1; XU Ju-min1; ZHAO Lan3; 4; FANG Sheng-guo3
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( 1. Zhejiang Changxing Chinese Alligator Provincial Nature Reserve, Changxing 313100, China; 2. Changxing Xianshanhu National Wetland Park
Administration of Zhejiang, Changxing 313100, China; 3. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems
Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, Hangzhou 310058, China; 4. College of Life Sciences,
Northwest University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animals Conservation for Qinling Mountains, Xi 'an 710069, China)
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- 关键词:
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扬子鳄; 行为调节; 温度适应; 活动节律
- Keywords:
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Alligator sinensis; behavioral regulation; temperature adaptation; activity rhythm
- 分类号:
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Q958.1
- DOI:
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10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2022.05.003
- 文献标志码:
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A
- 摘要:
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扬子鳄Alligator sinensis 是我国特有的珍稀濒危物种,作为变温动物,其生存受到环境温度的强烈影响。明
确环境温度变化过程中扬子鳄的活动规律,有助于制定有效的保护措施。通过监测自然状态下扬子鳄生活环境的
温度,并观察其所处的环境位置,构建微环境温度数据集和扬子鳄年活动谱,建立行为调节与环境温度的定量描
述关系。结果发现,扬子鳄通过在陆地、水体、洞穴三种环境之间的转换实现体温调节,且不同介质之间的温差
是触发其转换水-陆-洞穴活动环境的重要因素。春季,当日均水温升高至8.5 ℃高于洞穴土壤温度时,扬子鳄陆续
从冬眠中苏醒;夏季,当日均水温高于25 ℃时,扬子鳄进入繁殖期,当昼间气温高于日均水温时,扬子鳄通过潜
水等行为躲避高温伤害;秋冬季节,当日均水体温度降至17.5 ℃以下低于洞穴土壤温度时,扬子鳄逐渐进入冬眠状
态以适应寒冷气候。此外,扬子鳄生存的自然生境具有较强的热缓冲能力,表明在保护工作中,鳄池应采用自然池
塘,夏季池深应大于105 cm 或110 cm,冬季洞穴深度也应大于110 cm,才能保证扬子鳄成功实现自主热环境调节。
- Abstract:
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Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is endangered species unique to China. As ectotherms, their survival is strongly affected by
environmental temperature. Clarifying the activity patterns in response to environmental temperature changes will help to formulate effective protection
measures. By monitoring the environmental temperature and observing its behavior in semi-nature habitats, we constructed the microenvironment
temperature data set and the annual activity spectrum of the Chinese alligator. Then we analyzed the correlationship between the active location and the
environmental temperature and found that the temperature difference between different environments may be important to regulate their activity. In
response to the temperature difference, Chinese alligator adapted to the environment by switching between terrestrial, water, and caves. In spring, when
the average daily water temperature rises to 8.5°C, which is higher than the soil temperature in the cave, alligators wake up from hibernation. When the
temperature rises to 25°C in summer, the breeding season starts. Meanwhile, when the daytime air temperature is higher than the average daily water temperature, the Chinese alligator avoids the damage of high temperature by diving and other behaviors in caves. In autumn and winter, when it drops
below 17.5°C, which is lower than the cave soil temperature, alligators gradually enter a state of hibernation to adapt to the cold climate. In addition, the
natural habitat of Chinese alligator has a strong thermal buffer capacity, suggesting that natural ponds are the best. The depth of the pond more than 105
cm or 110 cm in summer and the depth more than 110 cm in winter will be helpful to facilitate the survival of Chinese alligators.
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备注/Memo
- 备注/Memo:
-
收稿日期:2022-04-25;修回日期:2022-07-07
基金项目:浙江省濒危物种扬子鳄抢救工程项目;国家自然基金重点项目(31530087,31230010)
作者简介:方黎明,工程师,从事鳄类保护生物学研究;E-mail:Alligator_fanglm@163.com。通信作者:方盛国,从事保护生物学研究;
E-mail:sgfanglab@zju.edu.cn。
更新日期/Last Update:
2022-08-20